【what的用法】“what”是英语中最常见的疑问词之一,常用于提问,表示“什么”。它在句子中可以充当不同的语法成分,如主语、宾语、表语等。掌握“what”的不同用法对于提高英语表达能力非常重要。
一、what的基本用法总结
| 用法 | 结构 | 举例 | 说明 |
| 疑问句 | What + be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词? | What is your name? | 询问某人的名字或身份 |
| 疑问句 | What + 名词 + ... | What color is the car? | 询问颜色、种类等 |
| 宾语从句 | I don't know what he said. | 作宾语,引导宾语从句 | |
| 表语从句 | The question is what he wants. | 作表语,说明主语的内容 | |
| 强调句 | It is what he said that surprised me. | 强调句型,强调“what”后面的内容 | |
| 感叹句 | What a beautiful day! | 用于感叹句,修饰名词 |
二、常见搭配与用法对比
| 搭配 | 含义 | 例句 |
| what about... | 关于……怎么样? | What about going to the park? |
| what if... | 如果……会怎样? | What if it rains tomorrow? |
| what's more | 而且 | What's more, he is very kind. |
| what's wrong with... | ……怎么了? | What's wrong with your phone? |
| what's the matter with... | ……怎么了? | What's the matter with you? |
三、what与其他疑问词的区别
| 疑问词 | 用法 | 例子 |
| what | 询问事物、内容 | What is this? |
| which | 选择性提问(特指) | Which book do you like? |
| how | 询问方式、程度 | How are you? |
| where | 询问地点 | Where is the library? |
| when | 询问时间 | When did you arrive? |
| why | 询问原因 | Why are you late? |
四、注意事项
- “what”不能单独作主语,除非在特定结构中(如强调句)。
- 在口语中,“what”常用于非正式场合,而“which”更常用于正式或具体选择的场景。
- “what”后面通常接名词,但在某些情况下也可直接接动词原形(如:What do you want?)。
通过以上总结可以看出,“what”的用法非常广泛,掌握其基本结构和常见搭配有助于更好地理解和使用英语。建议多做练习,结合实际语境进行学习,效果会更好。


